My office environment like many others are providing us Internet via proxy, on Windows Machine/Servers as they are part of domain the policy is pushed and as you login with your domain account you will find it available.
However on Linux servers I always go ahead with doing the following:
export http_proxy=http://proxy.blah.blah:80
And whenever the servers were required to reboot the proxy used to wipe out.
This time I made sure to make it static and plan to push it via Ansible to all the Linux babies I love.
Logged in from root account:
vim /etc/environment
http_proxy=http://proxy.blah.blah:80
Save the file – Re-initialize the shell or logout and login back. You will not have to re-add it back again.
One of my monitor display was bothering my eyes, therefore I decided to change the colors being displayed on the monitor I am using, especially for the directory as it was dark blue and I had to dig myself inside the screen to actually read in that color. (my eyes are not week but I love small fonts)
I was not sure how to do it but knew it can be changed as I studied them long time ago, did some research and found out there are multiple ways to perform it.
As my environment is an Ansible lab therefore it did not click me to just change it for a specific user therefore I changed in environment base:
This is what I did: (from root user)
vim /etc/DIR_COLORS DIR 01;96
Just above DIR value, I found out FILE parameter but it was commented, so i edited it to
vim /etc/DIR_COLORS FILE 01;91
Now my terminal is displaying 96 = turquoise as DIR and 91 = light red as FILE and I like it !!
For you reference color codes:
0 = default colour 1 = bold 4 = underlined 5 = flashing text 7 = reverse field 31 = red 32 = green 33 = orange 34 = blue 35 = purple 36 = cyan 37 = grey 40 = black background 41 = red background 42 = green background 43 = orange background 44 = blue background 45 = purple background 46 = cyan background 47 = grey background 90 = dark grey 91 = light red 92 = light green 93 = yellow 94 = light blue 95 = light purple 96 = turquoise 100 = dark grey background 101 = light red background 102 = light green background 103 = yellow background 104 = light blue background 105 = light purple background 106 = turquoise background
I did not try it but if you are interested in changing it for specific user you can try this:
cp /etc/DIR_COLORS to $HOME/.dir_colors
once copied, edit you local copy i.e .dir_colors and play with it.
Don’t forget you need to re-initialize the shell or logout and login back for changes to take affect.
First find the path of binary and configuration files, following is my example:
grep sudoers /var/sadm/install/contents
/opt/sfw/etc/sudoers f none 0440 root root 589 50133 1104945433 SFWsudo /opt/sfw/man/man4/sudoers.4 f none 0444 root bin 57547 31697 1104945433 SFWsudo /usr/local/share/vim/vim73/ftplugin/sudoers.vim f none 0644 bin bin 426 36373 1285497623 SMCvim /usr/local/share/vim/vim73/syntax/sudoers.vim f none 0644 bin bin 19276 64681 1285497623 SMCvim
Now my I can see that my configuration file i.e. sudoers is in /opt/sfw/etc/sudoers and for sudo it is always in the same path but in /bin directory i.e. /opt/sfw/bin/sudo
Steps for sudo to work properly:
Add /opt/sfw/bin in your PATH if it is not available – check with echo $PATH
Sudoers file default permission will be read only, for making changes you will need to first change the permission of sudoers file and edit your changes and revert back the permission of sudoers file to (chmod 440)
Sudo binary which is in /opt/sfw/bin should have the sticky bit set permission i.e. (chmod u+s )
CrossOver: Run MsOffice / MsOutlook On Linux And Mac
You have to pay a cost to get a Windows Operating System license whereas for Linux it is free; switching operating system is not an easy task with reference to years of experience over a single platform. But in recent years Ubuntu Linux have developed good amount of users running their OS. Microsoft Office is a major concern in the industry for users to revamp their thinking and divert their self to adopt another Operating System, everything takes time and now we have fully functional MsOffice / MsOutlook available.
A well-known program Wine is already available but numerous bug fixes are required, when it comes to install or configure MsOffice / MsOutlook therefore CrossOver; a project with collaboration of Wine is a much more matured, because everything developed at CrossOver revolves around Wine.
The matured products are usually priced, as it is an open-source development the cost is very minimal and initially you get a 14 days trail to test your product. They usually provide a free copy in offers for a limited time so you have to be updated what’s coming next from them.
Let us install it on Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit OS to see how handy the tool is.
Double click on the downloaded .deb file and Ubuntu Software Center will take care of it. Click Install and wait for the installation to complete.
Now, CrossOver is installed and ready to install a Windows application. Find it in Applications > CrossOver > Install Windows Software
Click Install Windows Software and CrossOver Software Installer will pop up, A list of supported applications will be viewed. The applications which can be downloaded directly from web will be installed by CrossOver just by selecting Supported Applications items under the list, whereas in our case it is MsOffice and a licensed product therefore executable should be provided.
Select the Application from the Supported List.
Now provide the executable to the installer, which by default will install in winxp bottle. Bottles are the containers of application for binaries management.
Now, click Install and CrossOver will start installing your desired application.
Note: Connectivity to internet is required as several backend dependencies with reference to application are being downloaded and executed in background in order to run the application.
After the installer resolves all the dependencies in order to start installing the core application a pop window of executable installing will be prompt just as it happens in any Windows OS.
Wait till the installation finish and you are ready to use your application. Your installed application will be available in Applications > Windows Applications > Microsoft Office
CrossOver is a product of CodeWeavers and providing excellent services since 1996, obtaining a license will not only provide you the complete version of CrossOver but also support for your desired application and troubleshooting will be entertained on priority basis either by generating a ticket or phone call support.
Download your free trail by registering your name and email address, and install the .deb file for Ubuntu users with reference to 32 bit or 64 bit both available. For Red Hat Enterprise Linus or CentOS users .rpm is also available and similarly a respective installation file for Mac Users
Install three packages telnet-server, telnet and xinetd.
Make sure that the xinetd service should be running.
Configure the file name /etc/xinetd/telnet
1.) Install three packages telnet-server, telnet and xinetd.
You need to install three services
for example # yum install telnet-server telnet
the above command will also install the xinetd service. See the following example for reference:
Dependencies Resolved
=====================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=====================================================
Installing:
telnet i686 1:0.17-47.el6 base 56 k
telnet-server i686 1:0.17-47.el6 base 36 k
Installing for dependencies:
xinetd i686 2:2.3.14-33.el6 base 121 k
2.) Make sure that the xinetd service should be running.
# service xinetd status
xinetd (pid 13561) is running…
Please also note: Make sure that your firewall also stopped or the telnet traffic is allowed
3.) Configure the file name /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
We need to change the following highlighted line from yes to no
# vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
# default: on
# description: The telnet server serves telnet sessions; it uses \
# unencrypted username/password pairs for authentication.
service telnet
{
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.telnetd
log_on_failure += USERID disable = yes
}
Note:
In few scenarios, telnet works over the ip, but does not resolve specific ports. In that case xinetd services needs a restart
Please Note: Keep enabled=1 for [Media] and mark enabled=0 for[rhel-source-beta] and [rhel-source] .
Conclusion
Now you will be able to use yum command and the request will redirect to the DVD media of Redhat which you inserted in the CD/DVDrom (instead of going to internet/RHN)
It can be said as a thin software layer on top of the hard drives and partitions, which creates illusion of continuity and easy of use for managing hard drives replacement, re-partitioning and backups.
It’s common usages are to manage large drives farm by adding a disk, replacing a disk, copy and share the disks without interrupting services running. For small setups there is no need to worry about partition size offering for requirements in future as disks partition can be re-sized easily on run-time, further making backups by taking snapshots and creating single logical volume of multiple physical volumes or entire hard disks functionality is also available.
Features of LVM
Re-size volume groups
Re-size logical volumes
Create read-only snapshot – LVM1
Create read-write snapshot – LVM2
Strips whole or parts of logical volumes (similar Raid0)
Mirror whole or parts of logical volumes (similar Raid1)
Move online logical volumes
Split or merge volume groups
Almost features can be performed online without disrupting users.
